AUTOMOTIVE FREAKS

If you have bought a used vehicle, than it is necessary to correct its balance and wheel alignment. It is necessary because irregularities can occur in wheel alignment due to the wear component legs of car. Balancing and spooring should be performed on regular basis to avoid this thing.

Spooring helps in the alignment of the wheels of both sides (right and left). If the wheels are not aligned they can cause a car to sway or become shaky.

Balancing is done to make the front wheels parallel to the rear wheels. It is also done to avoid the small vibrations in a moving car. If the rear wheels are not parallel to the front wheels, the car can become unstable. These processes also help to avoid unsteady effects and assure the driving safety.

Interference in the steering wheel can also cause unsteady phenomena. It can occur due to following reasons:

• Putting less oil for power steering

• Weakness in the front suspension system can cause vibrations in steering.

• If the wind pressure in each tire is different, than it can cause problem with the steering wheel.

• Free movements of the steering wheel can occur if the sector adjustment shafts are not appropriately placed.

The test for balancing and spooring should be done at the speed of 100 km/h to feel the unsteady phenomena.

How to find the perfect time to do car balancing and spooring?

• When you feel the vibrations in the steering wheel that is interfering with the comfort of your driving.

• Another sigh is when you feel that the car has taken a corner without the change in steering wheel control.

• Check regularly for the tears of your tires. If bumps are present on your tires than it indicates that there might be any problem with the suspension system.

• When you feel that your steering wheel has become uncomfortable and is not as smooth as before.

• Check whether you feel a shock while starting the car.

How to prevent car from unsteady:

Balancing and spooring should be done regularly. Refer your service manuals for this process as each car has different suspension systems.

Do the rotation of the tires regularly and correctly in order to prevent unsteadiness.

While installing the wheels, follow the directions that are mentioned on the tires and apply the wind pressure that is given by the manufacturer.

It is better to check the tires, rims, suspensions and the condition of vehicle before starting the repair process.

In order to get the maximum benefit from spooring and balancing, try to use your own workshop equipments that are manufactured according to your car.

Do not replace the tires with old tires as they are a high risk for your safety.

If your tire has become flat, use the spare tire that is of the same size as your original tires to avoid unsteadiness. If you don’t have the spare tire that fits the original size than you can use that tire in emergency situations until you get another one.

Orange Electronic P409S Retrofit Tire Pressure Monitoring System

Suspension is basically a system that consists of shock absorbers and various linkages that helps to connect the car to its wheels. The two main functions of suspension system are:

1. To maintain a firm contact between car wheels and the road in order to provide traction.

2. To make the whole ride comfortable and decrease the vibrations and road noise.

The major function of this system depends on springs. The springs provide the support to the body of car by re-bounding and compressing with car’s movement. The up and down movement of car during the ride is very uncomfortable for the passengers. To reduce this, the shock absorbers are placed in the car.

Springs:

At present, the springs for the car come in different varieties. They come in different sizes, shapes, capacities and rates. The most commonly used springs include leaf springs, coil springs and torsion bars. A set of four springs are used in each vehicle or they are used in various combinations.

Generally torsion bars and coil springs are used in the front and leaf springs are used in the rear. The shock absorbers are placed inside the spring and the coil spring is than positioned between the two control arms. In some vehicles the coil springs are placed above the upper control arm. The coil springs are available in different rates. They can be used in a vehicle to modify its handling and riding characteristics.

The leaf springs are manufactured from numerous layers of spring steel that are locked together through the center. The ends of this spring are connected to the body with the help of a shackle. Shackle helps in flexion of the springs and prevents its tearing.

The torsion bar performs its function by twisting the flexible steel bar. When the steel bar twists, a resistance is created to the up and down movements of the car. For each of the front wheels, a torsion bar is used. The front part of the torsion bar is connected to the lower control arms and its rear is connected to the frame of the car. The major advantage of using the torsion bar is that it can be adjusted easily. The ride height can be adjusted by turning the tensioning bolts.

Prothane 7-1015 Red Front Spring and Shackle Bushing Kit with Rancho Springs

Shock Absorbers and Strut Assemblies:

In order to make the ride more comfortable, the direct and indirect type of shock absorbing devices were used in the past. At present, the gas or hydraulic shock absorbers and struts are used.

Many people have confusion in the differences between shock absorbers and struts. Shock absorber is a device that works independently of the steering system. Its function is to control the up and down movements of suspension. The struts are placed at the front steering knuckle. The strut assemblies are used in the imported cars as an essential part of the suspension system in order to improve its design and to decrease its weight.

Rear wheel alignment started with the use of independent rear suspensions. Now the strut assemblies are also used for the rear of some cars. In some cars the strut assemblies are placed for all the four corners of car. Their use has become common in the Japanese cars. The shock absorbers are used in the rear of most cars.

The hydraulic shock absorbers work on the principle of moving the fluid through the restricted openings in the valves. The restriction on the flow of fluid helps to control the rapid movements in the springs of car and to slow down the car when necessary. The spring loaded valves controls the flow of fluid through piston. The hydraulic shock absorbers are designed in such a way that they adapt with the severity of shock. When the axle movement is slow, the resistance to the flowing fluid is light but when the axle is moving rapidly the resistance increases. This is because more time will be required to force the fluid out of the openings.

With the help of actions of these shock absorbers, a car can move easily over the small bumps. They also provide a cushioning effect for riding over large bumps. It is important for the double acting units to work effectively in both the directions to prevent the spring rebound which can be very violent.

The strut assembly is used in place of upper control arm, ball joint and front shock absorbers. This has made handling easier and has increased the responsiveness of vehicles. The strut assemblies provide the control over ride in the same way as hydraulic shock absorbers. They help to keep the front end aligned. The assemblies contain the front coil springs so its replacement should be done carefully.

The major disadvantage of using the strut is that they tend to leak with the passage of time which will require its replacement. The advantage is that they are more durable than the conventional shock absorbers. Now the struts come with the internal shock assembly which can be replaced without replacing the rest of the housing. This is a economical method for replacing the strut.

Monroe 71661 Sensa-Trac Strut

Sway Bars:

This is also a component of suspension system. In some cars stabilizers are used to steady the frame against front end roll. The sway bars function when the car takes a turn and begins to lean. The sway bars exert an upward force on outer wheels in order to lift the inner wheels and keep the car steady.

Control Arms:

The control arms help to connect the suspension to the body or frame of vehicle. They help to keep the suspension in its proper place. The control arms come in numerous size and shape and were designed to preserve the geometry of suspension. A problem that has been encountered with its use is that the bushings wear out which causes terrible squeaking noises.

The suspension systems are an important part for the vehicles because they not only provide comfort but they also provide safety and stability.

Pro Comp 61252 2.0″ Rear Suspension Block Kit for Dodge Ram 1500

Most Californians depend on their car for most of their work. In situations when your car needs services or repairs, you want it to be as quickly as possible and with reasonable cost.

In this guide you will find the information about your rights when you are not satisfied with the work of repair shop.

Below are given the recommendations of Bureau of Automotive Repair (BAR):

1. Always follow the owner’s manual.

2. Before going for the repair work, choose a shop that is registered with BAR.

3. Be aware of your rights of consumer.

4. Carry this guide with you in the car and refer it before giving your car for service.

Warning indicators are present in the car and in your owner’s manual an explanation is given about these indicators. Always keep an eye on these indicators in order to avoid any big problem.

It is also necessary to pay attention on the performance on your car each day. If you see anything that is unusual, try to fix it as soon as possible.

Oil changing is a simple process that will help to increase the life span of your car. For changing of oil you should follow manufacturer’s recommended schedule. This schedule is given in your owner’s manual. if you have lost your owner’s manual than you can ask the car dealer for another one or look for it online.

Also check if the shop that you have selected is registered with BAR or not. For this you can visit www.autorepair.ca.gov or call (800) 952-5210.Always choose a repair shop before taking your car for repair. Contact your friends and family members and ask them about the best and reasonable shop for car repairing.

If you want to check the service of the repair shop, than you should start with the simple maintenance procedures like oil changing. Once you are satisfied with the service you can go for bigger repair works. Below are given some points that will help you to select a repair shop:

• Registration with Bureau of Automotive Repair

• Option of smog check

• Services for lamp and brake inspections, if valid

• Do they have any membership with automotive trade organization

• Whether the technicians are certified or not

• The appearance of shop.

• The availability of modern equipments.

• The policies about the labor charges, methods of payment and guarantees should be clearly stated.

• Staff is helpful or not

• Services manager is co-operative or not

• Whether the Technicians have professional certifications like Automotive Service Excellence (ASE) etc.

• Whether the shop gives the guarantee for its work

• Whether the technicians are regular in their work

Small Engine Repair Up to 20 Hp

Meeting with the service writer:

Below are given some steps that will help you to describe the problem clearly. First thing is that you know everything about your vehicle. If there is any problem, identify the warning sign before taking your car for service.

What to look for:

• Look for odors, unusual sounds, smoke, leaks or any warning sign

• Try to locate the source of sound from the vehicle.

• Note that when does the sound come from the vehicle. Whether it comes at the time of starting the engine or when it is cold or accelerating

Problems in handling or braking:

• Is there any vibration occurring in the steering column or brake pedal?

• Does your steering moves to the right or left by itself?

• The tires are wearing unevenly or not?

Changes in performance:

• How is your engine performance?

• Whether the fuel economy is falling or stable?

• Do you have to add the oil or coolants regularly?

Ask questions from the technicians if you don’t understand anything. Questions help to clarify many things.Be elaborative at the time of explaining the problem to your technician. Don’t be anxious.

Give your phone number to the shop so that they can call you and inform you about the problem and the type of repair that will be needed. You should also have the phone number of the shop so that you can ask them about the problem.

Know your rights as a consumer:

It is necessary for the shops in California to register with the Bureau of Automotive Repair. The shops must display this sign on their shop to inform the customers that whether they are registered or not. ask the shop about their registration if you don’t see the sign.

Doing the paperwork:

The repair shops should provide an estimate about the cost before starting the repair process. This is stated in the law. Once you have received an estimate you can visit other shops and have a second opinion. An estimate should state the total cost of the parts as well as the labor. Sales tax is not included in the estimate. Estimate should also mention the parts that have to be replaced.

A technician from the shop will give you an estimate to sign so that he can start repairing the vehicle. If you want the older parts back, than mention this to the technician at the time of signing the estimate.

Before signing the estimate understand each and everything. Ask him about the repair work that they will do and the parts that will be replaced. Once you have done the signature it means that you agree to pay all the cost that is mentioned in the estimate. Always check the estimate before signing and do not sign a blank work order.

For newer cars, diagnosis is often made before doing the repair work. Diagnosis is the process by which the auto manufacturer tries to identify the major cause of the problem. An estimate can include the cost of diagnosis only or it can include the cost of diagnosis as well as repair. An estimate should also mention if any work would be done in any other shop. It is important to notify about this to the owner.

Chevrolet and GMC S10 & S-15 Pick-ups Workshop Manual, 1982-1993: Includes 1983 Thru 1994 S-10Blazer & S-15 Jimmy and 1991 Thru 1994 Oldsmobile Bravada (Haynes Repair Manual)

The two systems are very important for your car. These are the steering and suspension systems which not only assures you the safety of car but also help to make your car’s ride comfortable. These two systems are closely related to each other therefore they are mostly referred together.

In recent years, various factors have contributed towards the safety of the car and to make the whole ride a comfortable. These include the ongoing improvements in the suspension and steering systems, the increase in durability and strength of different components of the car and the introduction of different designs of tires.

Steering Systems:

In the early days of development of automobiles, most of the weight of car was concentrated on the rear axle rather than the front. At this time the only function of the steering was to turn the tiller that rotated the entire front axle. The complex system of steering evolved when the engine was placed at the front of the car. had to evolve.

At present, two basic types of steering systems are present in the market. These are: 1. Rack and pinion steering, 2. Standard mechanical (reciprocating ball) steering. The rack and pinion is always power assisted systems but the standard mechanical steering are available as power assisted or non-power assisted.

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Standard mechanical (reciprocating ball) steering:

This steering system has a number of links and arms that are used in order to turn both the wheels at the same time in the same direction. The principles on which it works are very simple. Nothing has been changed in this system over the past few years. The mechanism by which it operates is given below:

A steering box is present which is connected to the steering wheel with the help of a steering column. The function of the steering box is to turn the rotation of steering wheel by 90 degrees. When power steering is used, the steering box triggers the steering by using high pressure fluid.

There is an arm attached to the output shaft of steering box which is called the pitman arm. This is used to make a connection between the steering box and steering gear. At one end of the center link or drag link, the pitman arm is connected while at the other end of center link an idler arm is connected. In order to keep the right and left wheels working properly, the center link is supported at a position in between the pitman and idle arms.

At both the ends of center link an inner tie rods are attached. They are attached in order to provide the rotating points for steering gear. From this point it moves towards the outer tie rod ends with the help of an adjustment sleeve. The adjustment sleeves make a connection between the outer and inner tie rod ends and in this way it helps in adjustment whenever the front wheels are aligned properly.

The steering knuckles are connected to the outer tie rod ends. The steering knuckles are the part that turns the front wheels. They consist of an upper and a lower ball joint. It rotates on these ball joints and creates a steering axis.

This standard mechanical steering system is a very simple system consisting of a connection between the steering wheel and the front wheels. The drawback of this system is due to the presence of pivot points which are the ball and socket joints. These joints wear out after some time and then the replacement should be done. If the replacement is not done, the loose ball joints will make it difficult to control the car and the front tires can also damage. In order to save your car from these damages, it is necessary to get your car checked at least once in a year.

When the ball joints tear, funny noises start to come from your car. This can be an indicator that the ball joints need replacement. When you take your car to the garage to diagnose the problem and the repair dealer advises you to change the ball joint than always check the measurements for ball joints. The dealer will give you an invoice on which the measurements will be mentioned along with a statement from the manufacturer. If the measurements suggests that the ball joints are worn off than you should replace them with new ball joints.

Raybestos 401-1195B Service Grade Steering Tie Rod/Drag Link

Rack and pinion steering:

This system consists of steering box and enter link which are actually combined into a single unit. The steering wheel is connected directly to the rack with the help of a steering column. The steering rack consists of a pinion assembly which moves the toothed piston. The piston in turn works to move the steering gear.

At each end of the toothed piston, one end of inner tie rod ends is connected. The other free end of inner tie rod ends is connected to the outer tie rod ends. The inner tie rod ends can be rotated in order to make adjustments during the process of wheel alignment.

This rack and pinion system is often used with strut suspension system. At the lower ball joint, the rotation of the bottom of steering knuckles takes place. The strut assembly is connected to the top the steering knuckle. The other thing in this system is that the outer tie rod is attached to the arm present on the strut housing.

There are many advantages of using the rack and pinion system rather than using the standard mechanical system.

1. This system is more precise than the standard mechanical system

2. It has a control the wheel direction more accurately than the standard mechanical system because it has less number of parts and the pivot joints. It makes the steering more responsive to the commands.

The only disadvantage of using this system is that it can leak. If the leakage occurs, the replacement of the steering rack assembly should be done. It’s upon you that which system you choose for your car in order to make its drive more comfortable and safer.

A1 Cardone 20-FLT1 Service Plus Power Steering Filters

Chrysler Concorde ECU

Refined control and an increase in the performance of the engine in the vehicles have occurred with the use of a number of electronic devices like Electronic Control Unit (ECU) of the Chrysler Concorde. They are also helpful in saving the fuel and thus reduce the expenditure of money.

The performance of the car depends upon the conditions of the roads but with the introduction of electronic devices, they have also become an important factor for controlling various components of driving.

For an average person the prices of fuel are becoming unaffordable day by day. It is also becoming a difficult task for the transport managers to manage the whole budget for transportation because of the increasing price of fuels.

Many people who use car to go on their work are now thinking of using public transportation services like buses and trains for this purpose. People who are bound to use their cars like sales person are thinking about buying the vehicles that are fuel effective and have control systems in it like ECU.

The Chrysler Concorde ECU provides a better fuel economy b causing the spark at exact timings. It also regulates the direct fuel injection of a vehicle. It has sensors which carries the information about the fuel that has to be injected. Temperature of engine coolant, the amount and quality of available air and throttle position can influence this.

The mechanics used to spend a lot of their time in the past on settlement of engine and transmission guidelines for different vehicles manually. Today this is done automatically by Engine Control unit. It adjusts itself according to the driving conditions.

They help to control the idling speed of the engine and it also has a crankshaft sensor that decides the RMP of engine. It also calculates the engine load at a time. It decides the time for the opening of the valve. This helps to reduce the combustion factor as compared to the other type of camshafts.

The Engine Control Unit is also called as Power-train Control Module (PCM). This provides the maximum performance with the use of an internal combustion engine.

This system uses a number of sensors to convey the data which are interpreted by “look up tables”. Adjustments are made in the system if required.

The Engine Control Unit system created an opportunity for improvement in the worldwide standards of vehicle and motoring. The system came into being on 1939 by BMW. It was created in order to manage the multiple functions of engine automatically to reduce the time and effort.

The Brain of a Vehicle

This system can be considered as the master mind of the vehicle as it can control multiple functions of the vehicle and can remove the driver from manual operation. The factors that can affect this system are the quality and quantity of available air, throttle position and the running temperature of the engine coolant. Since its advent, the performance of the vehicles has increased many folds.

ECU ECM COMPUTER TOYOTA CAMRY 1994 1995 4CYL AUTO

Once the examination of the vehicle is complete, you will receive a call from the shop about the problem diagnosed and the type of repair work that would be needed. They will also give you an estimate about the cost of parts and labor that will be required. The representative from the shop will take consent from you for doing the repair work.

Usually it is better not to give the authorization on phone but if you do so, then following things should be recorded by the shop in the invoice:

1. They should record the telephone number and name of the person

2. The name of the person who gave the permission and the time and date of the day when permission was given.

When the repair work is completed the shop may ask you to sign the final invoice with following statement:

“I accept and give the approval for the increase in original price”

Some shops use e-mail or fax for permission rather than verbal authorization. In such cases, a copy of that

authorization fax or e-mail for the repairs should be attached with the invoice.

Sometimes the cost of repair increases than the estimated cost. The technician might determine this at some point during the work that more work or parts would be needed for the repair. If this occurs than it is necessary that the shop contacts you and explain you the further work that will be required. They should take your permission before proceeding.

If you are assigning someone the task of authorizing the additional parts for you than your permission must be recorded on the estimate or invoice.

Teardown estimate

In some cases where the problem is more complex, the shop might have to separate the parts of your vehicle in order to give accurate estimate about the repair work. This process is called “teardown”. One thing that you should keep in mind is that even without repairing the vehicle; the shop may charge you for teardown.

The following things should be included in teardown estimate:

1. it should be mentioned in the notice that the vehicle they might not be able to re-assemble the vehicle.

2. The total cost of re-assembling the vehicle, replacing the seals, gaskets and the parts that will be destroyed in teardown should be mentioned.

3. The time that will be taken by the shop in re-assembling the vehicle.

After the process of teardown, the shop technician should give a revised estimate about the repairs that includes:

• An estimated amount of money that would be required for replacing the parts and the labor that would be needed.

• The parts that would be required for repairing.

After this, the shop will ask for your permission to repair the vehicle. If you deny for the repair of the vehicle than the technician will start re-assembling the vehicle within the estimated cost and time mentioned on the teardown notice.

The invoice

After completing the repair work, you will get an invoice from the shop which should include following things:

• The name and address of the shop and its ARD (auto repair dealer) number.

• The repair work that is done should be mentioned. It also includes the repair work that is done under the warranty without any charge.

• A list mentioning the parts that are rebuilt, replaced or reconditioned.

• The cost of the labor

Return Of  Old Parts

If you want back any of the parts that were replaced, than ask for it to the shop at the time of signing the written estimate. Under the law it is necessary for the shop to return you the parts that were replaced if you have asked for it before the repair work is done.
When a rebuilt part is installed, the shop usually returns the old part to the supplier. This is considered as the partial payment of the rebuilt part and is called as “core” charge. In order to get back the old part, you will have to pay the core charge.

You will not get the old parts back If your parts are under warranty because the shop has to return those parts to the supplier.

The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) number and the charge must be present on the invoice if the shop is charging you for harmful waste disposal.

Replacement Fuse and Tip End Parts for GTM20

Guarantees

Under law It is not necessary for the shop to give guarantee for its repair work. Some shops give guarantee for their work. A guarantee should include following things:

• The address and name of the shop giving the guarantee.

• What type of guarantee is it? (Will they replace or repair the affected part?)

• What will be required in order to use the guarantee? (example: paying service charges, returning the car to same shop etc.)

• The time period of the guarantee

• What things are not included in the guarantee?

• The guarantee is perforated or not?

• Is the guarantee transferable to the

• Whether you can transfer the guarantee to the other person if you sale the vehicle

Dropping off your car when the shop is closed

Call the service manager ahead of time if you want to drop the car when the shop is about to close. Make sure that you are leaving the car keys in the safe hands. You should also attach a note about the repairing service that you need along with your phone number. The shop will contact you before starting the work and they will give you an estimate. They will also ask for your permission.

If you are not satisfied with the service work than contact your service manager.

Keep the following things in mind

• You should be aware of your rights that are mentioned under the Automotive Repair Act

• During the whole process of repair you should remain calm.

• Explain each and every thing correctly.

• If you are not satisfied with the work you can make a complain.

Auto Repair For Dummies

In order to check the state of your charging system and battery, you can buy a battery and charging system monitor display. This system has the ability to protect your 12 volt accessories and engine computer from the damaging surge when starting or recharging it.

To check the voltage of monitor battery and charging system, you can plug it into the power receptacle or cigarette lighter of your vehicle. The LCD screen attached to it displays the bar graph of measured voltage that indicates the charge level of the battery.

The color coded LEDs are also present which identifies the battery’s charge status. It also has head pivots so that it can be viewed easily and the angles can be adjusted.

Product Features:

• It displays the state of battery and charging system.

• The system has been designed for a 12 volt negative ground system.

• This system has the ability to protect 12 volt accessories and engine computer from surges.

• It can be easily plugged into a power receptacle or cigarette lighter.

• Angle adjustments can be done by head pivots.

The precision of this system for showing the voltage value is .01. this is a sufficient value to tell the status of the battery. When you put it in the car, it will automatically switch from “battery status monitoring” to “charging status monitoring” and vice versa.

When the engine is not working, the system has the “battery status monitoring mode” but when you start the engine it will switch to “charging status monitoring” mode.

This Equus 3721 system is a sophisticated system and you can connect it to your car’s 12 volt electrical system. In the newer vehicles auxillary power outlet and lighter sockets are also present so you can connect this system to these areas.

When the engine is working, this system displays the battery condition with the help of an LED light. The color is amber when the battery charge status is marginal and it is red when battery is discharging. The green light indicates that the electrical system is functioning correctly.

The Equus 3721 also gives accurate voltmeter readings. It tells the exact voltage that is present in the electrical system. If the voltages are below the normal ranges and the system is also showing amber or red light than this indicates a problem with the battery or potential alternator. The battery icon also shows the total battery charge graphically but this is not a very reliable method as error can occur in its interpretation.

The instruction card in this system is very easy to understand. It is very easy to connect the unit and read the status of battery. You can also connect this device to the supplemental monitor in an RV or a boat so that you can monitor the condition of your battery while you are camping or at anchor

The system has a very reasonable price and it is highly recommended for personal use.

With the help of this system you can easily determine the condition of your battery. It is important because you can take measures to prevent further harm to the battery or vehicle.

Equus 3721 Battery and Charging System Monitor

The system that monitors power train gears (engine, transmission, drive shafts, differentials, etc) and make the gears to work together in order to keep vehicle moving efficiently is called Power Train Control Module, abbreviated as PCM.

If all gears are working properly then you improve the car to better shape but if any one gear starts to show problems then your vehicle will bear along with your pocket.

Below are the functions performed by PCM:

PCM acknowledges the input given by different engine sensors so that computation of fuel flow rate can be made. It provides correct amount of fuel flow rate to sustain an agreed fuel/air ratio right through the whole engine operational rate.

Secondly, PCM gives directions to fuel injectors so that injectors gauge the correct quantity of fuel.

Get the hint that when power train shows to have problems, its right time to substitute the PCM module in your car. In maintain a vehicle in good position, problems in PCM cannot be ignored. Don’t get worried that from where you will find another module.

Instrument Cluster Store is the right choice to find huge range of high quality, pre owned instrument clusters, and engine computers. Here, engine computers are available for every size and model. Replace a PCM when it first shows problem or PCM can affect your vehicle’s overall efficiency badly.

This shop had many distinct electronically parts that look like a personal computer more than a vehicle. Every vehicle manufactured from starting of 1990’s till present have small gear known as power train control module. This gear controls parts of vehicles and runs tests on them electronically.

Function

Now we should know how PCM module looks like so that we can identify it easily. This module is a printed circuit board resided in heavy duty case that can survive through the severest temperatures which are usually experienced within the vehicle’s engine.

The module keeps sending the electronic signals to all the gears of engine and keeps testing the temperature and airflow around them. It does this to check if operations are carried out properly or not. If some gear does not work properly then module switches on the check engine light on vehicle’s dashboard.

96-04 Dodge Caravan – Chrysler Town Country PCM ECU ECM- Programmed to your vehicle!

Features

The module scans the camshaft, coolant levels, crankshaft, ignition and valve timing, air intake and the turbocharger gears in a car. It automatically normalizes the ratio of air to fuel used in engine. Besides, it also controls the idle speed so that vehicle keeps operating at highest performance level.

The module works in combination with catalytic converter to lessen the amount of pollutants produced from engine’s exhaust and retain the vehicle speed when feature namely cruise control is switched on.

Benefits

A special diagnostic code is created by PCM. This code is based on vehicle’s gear which is not working. This not working properly gear is then read by electronic diagnostic tool used by mechanics.

Readin a code is easier way to find out the problem in vehicle than to replace the piece. Another bonus benefit is that when new gear is added for purpose of maximizing efficiency and performance, some modules can be programmed again.

Voyager PCM12V5A Power Line Noise Filter for Heavy Duty Vehicles

Types

Even though all the connectors are resided at same place i.e. beneath the dashboard on driver’s side, different models of cars manufactured in different years might have different and separate kinds of connectors to plug into a diagnostic reading tool. Memory of PCM to save the previous diagnostic codes can also differ.

Considerations

PCM in cold temperature carries out those set of directions that are already determined. These directions are carried out till engine comes back to normal temperature range. After engine comes back to normal temperature range, module again starts operating normally.

Another important thing to remember is that module doesn’t work if battery is disconnected. If battery remains detached for more than ten minutes, all the codes are automatically deleted from memory of module.

There is no code to give us hint when module is facing problem and not working properly. The only hint of failure in operating is that it starts to generate codes for gears that are faulty.

Following are the functions that PCM performs in relation to OBD II Diagnostics:

• PCM executes micro processor based on self diagnostics to make sure correct operations of PCM are carrying out and that OBD II diagnostic data in memory is storing properly.

• It carries out on-board diagnostics instantaneously and aware the driver by revealing MIL when there is an error.

• It executes power train control functions to lessen the emissions and assemble the OBD II policy when open loop functions are carried out at starting time.

• It executes power train control functions to lessen the emissions and assemble the OBD II policy when closed loop is in control at normal operations.

• It executes microprocessor based self diagnostics to make sure the proper operation of PCM and OBD II diagnostic data in memory is safely storing.

Below are the self diagnostics carried out by PCM:

PCM validates the checksum of program memory in ROM along with task and right adaptation.

It executes read and write test of RAM cells so that error free memory is identified.

It carries out operations in CPU, peripheral devices to validate the proper functions of processor. A/D convertors, watchdog timers, and registers are including.

It checks the stored vehicle data and validate that data is not tainted and is in limits of vehicle operations.

It carries out on board diagnostics at correct time and alerts the driver by revealing the MIL when there is an error. This is done by combining diagnostics with vehicle control functions.

The diagnostics are rated according to priority levels between 1-8 or 9 scale. The utmost priority tests are carried out in every 1 millisecond. The next priority level tests are carried out in every 5 milliseconds, 10 milliseconds, 20 milliseconds, 50 milliseconds, 100 milliseconds, 200 milliseconds, 500 milliseconds, and 1 second.

How to confirm if priority level tests are highest? So the highest priority level tests are those that effect safety and emissions to a high degree according to OBD II policies. Oxygen sensor and check on fuel trims during closed loop operations of vehicles are including.

The next priority test level is check on interrupt timers and watchdog timers. The next priority tests are sensors which includes EGO sensor, Throttle position sensor, Misfire detection, MAP sensor, Engine RPM sensor, MAF sensor, Crankshaft position sensor, and Engine coolant sensor.

The more next priority level tests are EGR intrusive tests, Catalytic converter’s secondary air, and canister purge, fuel level sensor, pedal actuator, and ignition timer. And the next priority checks are self tests at particular periods.

PCM executes on board diagnostics instantaneously. PCM is interrupted by instantaneous time’s scheduler during the performance of normal vehicle control operations. This is the time period when PCM saves current state of vehicle and carries out the diagnostics.

The whole process is completed in 100 microseconds. After this PCM comes back to normal vehicle control functions. For every priority level test, same procedure is repeated. PCM gives 15-45% of its time to diagnostics and rest of the time n performing and carrying out normal vehicle control functions.

The PCM is a car computer elected to organize and control the engine control system of a vehicle. The module contains electronics resided in a circuit board which had many layers.

The work of PCM is to keep an eye on air/fuel mixture and to fine-tune it accordingly. PCM also employs the catalytic convertor to lessen the pollution generated from engine. Operations are carried out in two modes.

First one is a closed loop. In closed loop, computer takes the complete charge of an operating system.

Second mode is an open loop. This mode is exercised when engine is cold. This mode functions on present program. For going in closed loop, engine has to be at operating temperature.

The PCM scrutinizes the input and yields indications generated by different sensors of system. Then system is altered by PCM accordingly. Oxygen sensor, coolant sensor, mass air flow sensor, air intake sensor, crankshaft angle sensor, throttle position sensor, camshaft angle sensor and knock sensor are including.

Operation program of a PCM is made of information cells which embrace the cipher for proper engine operations. Malfunction Inductor Lamp (MIL) or Check Engine Light is switched on when information is out of the cell parameters premises.

When check engine light and service engine soon light is glowed, it means the PCM has saved a diagnostic trouble code. In simple language it means that some problem in system has been diagnosed by computer system. When trouble code light is glowed, instantly get the hint that vehicle has taken a step in limp mode i.e. now vehicle is running on such a program which results weak mileage and more emissions. Trouble code is a feasible gadget to use.

In vehicles from 1996 till present modern; “D” plug in connector is used. This connector is attached to the code reader. The connector is resided in driver’s compartment. After the code reader is attached-in, you can regain the trouble codes laid up in memory of engine computer. These codes are also used by dealers and repairers to replace sensor and clean codes.

The PCM gives five volt current to most of the sensors in order to make monitoring circuits work. Radiators cooling fan, air pump, fuel pump, EVAP system are some of the systems monitored by PCM. For more facility, communication standards have also been instituted in OBD II operating system.

Controller area networking abbreviated as CAN is the most recognized communication standard because of its amazing speed of 500 plus Kbps. Communication through buses is more preferred because in case of any error, it is accounted individually in diagnostic tool.

Manufacturers know diverse trouble code errors among which some are very basic. Multiplexing technique is used for writing. This is the technique where each module has its own writing system that unites the production and participation of the module.

PCM acts as a mind of engine computer system and so when mind does not function properly, other gears automatically starts showing problems. Engine and microprocessor controls which embrace charging system, transmission, different emission controls, and communication with other control modules. Once the problem if found out, then PCM can be replace. Condition of diagnosis is vital.

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OBD II diagnostic trouble codes embraces:

P0600 – Serial Communication Link

P0601 – Internal Control Module Memory Check Sum Error

P0602 – Control Module Programming Error

P0603 – Internal Control Module Keep Alive Memory (KAM) Error

P0604 – Internal Control Module Random Access Memory (RAM) Error

P0605 – Internal Control Module Read Only Memory (ROM) Error

P0606 – ECM/PCM Processor

P0607 – Control Module Performance

P0608 – Control Module VSS Output ‘A’

P0609 – Control Module VSS Output ‘B’

P0610 – Control Module Vehicle Options Error

If one or more of these codes occurs while diagnosing the actual problem, instantaneously get the hint that PCM needs to be replaced. More diagnosis is definitely required to make sure if PCM is the problem. OEM diagnostic chart is the chart where information about other tests can be found out.

Normally what is done is PCM is given some input to see if it outputs accurate reaction. Obviously wrong answer means PCM is the problem and needs replacement.

Many specialized professionals think computers are guilty if engine is not functioning properly. In this situation, they emphasize on changing parts and gears of vehicle and they don’t pay attention on PCM.

So when vehicle comes back home, it still shows the same problem and fails to run properly. The reason is root of the failure is still there and unless root is not treated, vehicle would not function properly. More pennies are also used in this misunderstanding of what actually is problem.

Now a day, many PCMs are given back on basis of warranties. The reason of returning PCM is that because PCM does not fix the problem or engine does not function as it is supposed to function.

Among returned PCMs, many PCMs do not have any problem at all. What actual problem is that people don’t understand what PCM is right for their vehicle and they keep changing computer systems to fix the problem.

Many times PCM does not work properly because of minor reasons like someone might have twisted the wires or has given too much voltage to PCM or other. In this case, computer is the one that needs to be checked up. Sadly, to check computer system in ordinary stores is not a correct option.

To check the problem in PCM and computer system, PCM needs to be somewhere where inputs and outputs can be checked feasibly. For this checking up, PCM had to go to supplier. Supplier then runs a set of test on it again. If no error is found out, PCM is again packed to sell.

Be cautious when buying PCM because many retailers have rule of no returns and refunds on electrical appliances.

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Many times PCM fails to work properly are because of couple of reasons.

1. Voltage overload

2. Environmental factors

Voltage overload can be because of short solenoid or actuator circuit. If short solenoid or actuator is not found and mended then overload in voltage can harm the replacement PCM.

Environmental factors may include corrosion, thermal stress, and vibration. Not only can these but water too be the cause. Water is harmful and dangerous to electrical appliances and so it is vital to avoid water as much as possible.

The reason of avoiding water is that if it goes in the interior of the PCM, then short circuit can occur and oxidization can harm the connections very badly.

Many manufacturers don’t even touch the PCM that has come out of flood. Other than water, thermal stress and vibration are the factors that are repairable or replaceable. Thermal stress and vibration gives birth to micro cracks with in circuit board and good news is that these micro cracks are repairable as this is more linked with circuit design than operational factors in vehicle.

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Part of electrical system responsible for starting the vehicle is called the starting system. The system starts the vehicle in two steps. Firstly, you need to insert and then turn the key of vehicle in ignition switch to start the vehicle.

Second step is taken when the action of turning key in ignition button closes the circuit by letting electrical current flow from you vehicle’s battery to it starter.

During this process, current is passed through an apparatus known as starter solenoid. The work of solenoid is to surpass the current and activate the starter gears making link with flywheel.

Adjustment or replacement is not required unless it ruptures. To maintain it, take the book out of your vehicle and track the way of electric current in different parts of system. You even can look at the chapter in book mentioning about how to open hood.

Initially vehicle is perplexing but once you go through the book, you will be amazed on how things are simple that looked confusing earlier.

When you start outlining the wiring through the starting system, you would definitely come across the areas and parts which are not discussed yet.

For example solenoid: this is one of those parts which don’t require attention unless they start causing problems in functioning. When you notice problems, directly go to professional so that a professional can replace it or adjust it. Don’t try to do it by yourself. Now we are going to discuss some important points regarding starting system. Read them thoroughly.

Firstly we will talk about battery. Take battery as a huge box that is placed beneath the hood. Battery is filling with acid, distilled water, and a set of plates joint into cells. Electric currents are fabricated from it to start the automobile, turn the lights on, and to power the ignition system.

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The battery is also responsible for steadying the voltage in the electrical system and for providing current whenever needed by electrical. Two huge metal terminals are attached on top or side of the box; positive and negative. It’s very easy to identify which one is positive and which one is negative.

Positive one is bigger and has either a “+”, or “POS”, or “POSIIVE” mentioned on it. Likewise, negative terminal has “-_”, or “NEG “or “NEGATIVE” written on it. Many vehicles also had a red cap on the positive terminal and black on negative terminal.

You also must have noticed this in your vehicles that when battery is dead and you take a look of clamps on the cable to start the battery again, two wires are red and black in color so that you identify them easily and match them to the terminals. The book we mentioned above also has a chapter on how to start a dead battery again.

In many vehicles, negative terminal’s wire is connected to the frame of the car so that vehicle can be grounded. On the other hand, positive terminal is used for starters, ignition, etc. now days, modern batteries are not need to be maintained a lot.

But do remember battery doesn’t require much attention but deposits are formed in terminals which can serve as hurdle in current flow. The book also has a chapter on how battery is checked and deposits are removed.

Current makes it way to the starter after it is sent by battery to the solenoid. The apparatus that forces engine turnover is called the starter. Starter is an electrical motor that has a gear and is known as starter drive at one end.

This drive connects a ring gear on a fly wheel which is secured on the back of engine crankshaft. Starter drive is slide down in shaft and connects ring gear after key is turned in ignition. Flywheel is then pinned starting the crankshaft and piston can go up and down.

The spark is then fired and engine starts working. Started has completed its responsibility when engine starts running. Let go off the key after engine has started. Key stay at “ON” position for the entire time engine is running.

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The starter drives also disconnects itself from the flywheel and engine continues operating on fuel and Air Theater forced in cylinders. Don’t be worried if you hear some noise when engine is running.

The noise is the clutch in starter drive that helps the engine to work faster than the starter. But remember the noise comes only when key is held in “START” position. The one way clutch safeguards starter damage when engine is running. But this is not very preferable to maintain the key in start position for more than ten seconds when engine is running.

If your car fails to start then don’t worry. Just give a chance to starter to calm down for couple of minutes and then try to start again. If starter is not calmed down then starter can be agitated and can be harmed. So don’t keep the key in start position or you will end up with spoiled starter and flywheel ring gear.

The Charging System

Engine in ran at sound thunder if you have hybrid or electric vehicle abbreviated EV. When automobile is functioned only on electric motor, these electric vehicles are noiseless and hybrids too are noiseless. The thunder in conventional area of car is caused because when piston in cylinder starts to move, engine also starts to run on regular diet of fuel and air.

Electric current is discontinued from flowing when key is let go and ignition switch changes its position from start to on. This process does not stop charging system flow and reaming electrical system.

The alternator

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Alternator is the device that provides electric current to the engine. The belt is driven by running engine enabling the alternator. You must be thinking how this process is taken.

First of all, electricity taken from battery is replaced by an alternator. Alternator then substitute the fluid provided from battery.

To force different gadgets, alternator generates alternating current abbreviated as AC. This AC is transformed to Direct current abbreviated as DC. Alternators are sometime also considered as generators. Old vehicle used to have generators. DC was produced from generated and was then passed further.

Now generators are responsible for producing electric current but they are not used in automobiles anymore. Now alternator foes the job of generating electric currents in automobiles but the term generating is now used as charging. If alternator shows problems in function properly then dashboard idiot lights are automatically turned on in many vehicles.

Some automobiles also have voltmeters that measure if the alternator is charging correctly or not. If the engine is running with all frills off, then system voltage should be no less or more than 13.5 to 14.5 volts. If volts are not in the range mentioned, then charging system definitely has some flaws. Alternator is also responsible to start the radio, headlights, etc.

The voltage regulator

The apparatus that monitors the alternator is called voltage regulator. In ancient cars, voltage regulator is small box placed somewhere in the hood. In now a day automobiles, this box is placed within the alternator or ECU. As voltage regulator is responsible for alternator so if it fails, alternator automatically becomes toothless.

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