AUTOMOTIVE FREAKS

The system that monitors power train gears (engine, transmission, drive shafts, differentials, etc) and make the gears to work together in order to keep vehicle moving efficiently is called Power Train Control Module, abbreviated as PCM.

If all gears are working properly then you improve the car to better shape but if any one gear starts to show problems then your vehicle will bear along with your pocket.

Below are the functions performed by PCM:

PCM acknowledges the input given by different engine sensors so that computation of fuel flow rate can be made. It provides correct amount of fuel flow rate to sustain an agreed fuel/air ratio right through the whole engine operational rate.

Secondly, PCM gives directions to fuel injectors so that injectors gauge the correct quantity of fuel.

Get the hint that when power train shows to have problems, its right time to substitute the PCM module in your car. In maintain a vehicle in good position, problems in PCM cannot be ignored. Don’t get worried that from where you will find another module.

Instrument Cluster Store is the right choice to find huge range of high quality, pre owned instrument clusters, and engine computers. Here, engine computers are available for every size and model. Replace a PCM when it first shows problem or PCM can affect your vehicle’s overall efficiency badly.

This shop had many distinct electronically parts that look like a personal computer more than a vehicle. Every vehicle manufactured from starting of 1990’s till present have small gear known as power train control module. This gear controls parts of vehicles and runs tests on them electronically.

Function

Now we should know how PCM module looks like so that we can identify it easily. This module is a printed circuit board resided in heavy duty case that can survive through the severest temperatures which are usually experienced within the vehicle’s engine.

The module keeps sending the electronic signals to all the gears of engine and keeps testing the temperature and airflow around them. It does this to check if operations are carried out properly or not. If some gear does not work properly then module switches on the check engine light on vehicle’s dashboard.

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Features

The module scans the camshaft, coolant levels, crankshaft, ignition and valve timing, air intake and the turbocharger gears in a car. It automatically normalizes the ratio of air to fuel used in engine. Besides, it also controls the idle speed so that vehicle keeps operating at highest performance level.

The module works in combination with catalytic converter to lessen the amount of pollutants produced from engine’s exhaust and retain the vehicle speed when feature namely cruise control is switched on.

Benefits

A special diagnostic code is created by PCM. This code is based on vehicle’s gear which is not working. This not working properly gear is then read by electronic diagnostic tool used by mechanics.

Readin a code is easier way to find out the problem in vehicle than to replace the piece. Another bonus benefit is that when new gear is added for purpose of maximizing efficiency and performance, some modules can be programmed again.

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Types

Even though all the connectors are resided at same place i.e. beneath the dashboard on driver’s side, different models of cars manufactured in different years might have different and separate kinds of connectors to plug into a diagnostic reading tool. Memory of PCM to save the previous diagnostic codes can also differ.

Considerations

PCM in cold temperature carries out those set of directions that are already determined. These directions are carried out till engine comes back to normal temperature range. After engine comes back to normal temperature range, module again starts operating normally.

Another important thing to remember is that module doesn’t work if battery is disconnected. If battery remains detached for more than ten minutes, all the codes are automatically deleted from memory of module.

There is no code to give us hint when module is facing problem and not working properly. The only hint of failure in operating is that it starts to generate codes for gears that are faulty.

Following are the functions that PCM performs in relation to OBD II Diagnostics:

• PCM executes micro processor based on self diagnostics to make sure correct operations of PCM are carrying out and that OBD II diagnostic data in memory is storing properly.

• It carries out on-board diagnostics instantaneously and aware the driver by revealing MIL when there is an error.

• It executes power train control functions to lessen the emissions and assemble the OBD II policy when open loop functions are carried out at starting time.

• It executes power train control functions to lessen the emissions and assemble the OBD II policy when closed loop is in control at normal operations.

• It executes microprocessor based self diagnostics to make sure the proper operation of PCM and OBD II diagnostic data in memory is safely storing.

Below are the self diagnostics carried out by PCM:

PCM validates the checksum of program memory in ROM along with task and right adaptation.

It executes read and write test of RAM cells so that error free memory is identified.

It carries out operations in CPU, peripheral devices to validate the proper functions of processor. A/D convertors, watchdog timers, and registers are including.

It checks the stored vehicle data and validate that data is not tainted and is in limits of vehicle operations.

It carries out on board diagnostics at correct time and alerts the driver by revealing the MIL when there is an error. This is done by combining diagnostics with vehicle control functions.

The diagnostics are rated according to priority levels between 1-8 or 9 scale. The utmost priority tests are carried out in every 1 millisecond. The next priority level tests are carried out in every 5 milliseconds, 10 milliseconds, 20 milliseconds, 50 milliseconds, 100 milliseconds, 200 milliseconds, 500 milliseconds, and 1 second.

How to confirm if priority level tests are highest? So the highest priority level tests are those that effect safety and emissions to a high degree according to OBD II policies. Oxygen sensor and check on fuel trims during closed loop operations of vehicles are including.

The next priority test level is check on interrupt timers and watchdog timers. The next priority tests are sensors which includes EGO sensor, Throttle position sensor, Misfire detection, MAP sensor, Engine RPM sensor, MAF sensor, Crankshaft position sensor, and Engine coolant sensor.

The more next priority level tests are EGR intrusive tests, Catalytic converter’s secondary air, and canister purge, fuel level sensor, pedal actuator, and ignition timer. And the next priority checks are self tests at particular periods.

PCM executes on board diagnostics instantaneously. PCM is interrupted by instantaneous time’s scheduler during the performance of normal vehicle control operations. This is the time period when PCM saves current state of vehicle and carries out the diagnostics.

The whole process is completed in 100 microseconds. After this PCM comes back to normal vehicle control functions. For every priority level test, same procedure is repeated. PCM gives 15-45% of its time to diagnostics and rest of the time n performing and carrying out normal vehicle control functions.

The PCM is a car computer elected to organize and control the engine control system of a vehicle. The module contains electronics resided in a circuit board which had many layers.

The work of PCM is to keep an eye on air/fuel mixture and to fine-tune it accordingly. PCM also employs the catalytic convertor to lessen the pollution generated from engine. Operations are carried out in two modes.

First one is a closed loop. In closed loop, computer takes the complete charge of an operating system.

Second mode is an open loop. This mode is exercised when engine is cold. This mode functions on present program. For going in closed loop, engine has to be at operating temperature.

The PCM scrutinizes the input and yields indications generated by different sensors of system. Then system is altered by PCM accordingly. Oxygen sensor, coolant sensor, mass air flow sensor, air intake sensor, crankshaft angle sensor, throttle position sensor, camshaft angle sensor and knock sensor are including.

Operation program of a PCM is made of information cells which embrace the cipher for proper engine operations. Malfunction Inductor Lamp (MIL) or Check Engine Light is switched on when information is out of the cell parameters premises.

When check engine light and service engine soon light is glowed, it means the PCM has saved a diagnostic trouble code. In simple language it means that some problem in system has been diagnosed by computer system. When trouble code light is glowed, instantly get the hint that vehicle has taken a step in limp mode i.e. now vehicle is running on such a program which results weak mileage and more emissions. Trouble code is a feasible gadget to use.

In vehicles from 1996 till present modern; “D” plug in connector is used. This connector is attached to the code reader. The connector is resided in driver’s compartment. After the code reader is attached-in, you can regain the trouble codes laid up in memory of engine computer. These codes are also used by dealers and repairers to replace sensor and clean codes.

The PCM gives five volt current to most of the sensors in order to make monitoring circuits work. Radiators cooling fan, air pump, fuel pump, EVAP system are some of the systems monitored by PCM. For more facility, communication standards have also been instituted in OBD II operating system.

Controller area networking abbreviated as CAN is the most recognized communication standard because of its amazing speed of 500 plus Kbps. Communication through buses is more preferred because in case of any error, it is accounted individually in diagnostic tool.

Manufacturers know diverse trouble code errors among which some are very basic. Multiplexing technique is used for writing. This is the technique where each module has its own writing system that unites the production and participation of the module.

PCM acts as a mind of engine computer system and so when mind does not function properly, other gears automatically starts showing problems. Engine and microprocessor controls which embrace charging system, transmission, different emission controls, and communication with other control modules. Once the problem if found out, then PCM can be replace. Condition of diagnosis is vital.

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OBD II diagnostic trouble codes embraces:

P0600 – Serial Communication Link

P0601 – Internal Control Module Memory Check Sum Error

P0602 – Control Module Programming Error

P0603 – Internal Control Module Keep Alive Memory (KAM) Error

P0604 – Internal Control Module Random Access Memory (RAM) Error

P0605 – Internal Control Module Read Only Memory (ROM) Error

P0606 – ECM/PCM Processor

P0607 – Control Module Performance

P0608 – Control Module VSS Output ‘A’

P0609 – Control Module VSS Output ‘B’

P0610 – Control Module Vehicle Options Error

If one or more of these codes occurs while diagnosing the actual problem, instantaneously get the hint that PCM needs to be replaced. More diagnosis is definitely required to make sure if PCM is the problem. OEM diagnostic chart is the chart where information about other tests can be found out.

Normally what is done is PCM is given some input to see if it outputs accurate reaction. Obviously wrong answer means PCM is the problem and needs replacement.

Many specialized professionals think computers are guilty if engine is not functioning properly. In this situation, they emphasize on changing parts and gears of vehicle and they don’t pay attention on PCM.

So when vehicle comes back home, it still shows the same problem and fails to run properly. The reason is root of the failure is still there and unless root is not treated, vehicle would not function properly. More pennies are also used in this misunderstanding of what actually is problem.

Now a day, many PCMs are given back on basis of warranties. The reason of returning PCM is that because PCM does not fix the problem or engine does not function as it is supposed to function.

Among returned PCMs, many PCMs do not have any problem at all. What actual problem is that people don’t understand what PCM is right for their vehicle and they keep changing computer systems to fix the problem.

Many times PCM does not work properly because of minor reasons like someone might have twisted the wires or has given too much voltage to PCM or other. In this case, computer is the one that needs to be checked up. Sadly, to check computer system in ordinary stores is not a correct option.

To check the problem in PCM and computer system, PCM needs to be somewhere where inputs and outputs can be checked feasibly. For this checking up, PCM had to go to supplier. Supplier then runs a set of test on it again. If no error is found out, PCM is again packed to sell.

Be cautious when buying PCM because many retailers have rule of no returns and refunds on electrical appliances.

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Many times PCM fails to work properly are because of couple of reasons.

1. Voltage overload

2. Environmental factors

Voltage overload can be because of short solenoid or actuator circuit. If short solenoid or actuator is not found and mended then overload in voltage can harm the replacement PCM.

Environmental factors may include corrosion, thermal stress, and vibration. Not only can these but water too be the cause. Water is harmful and dangerous to electrical appliances and so it is vital to avoid water as much as possible.

The reason of avoiding water is that if it goes in the interior of the PCM, then short circuit can occur and oxidization can harm the connections very badly.

Many manufacturers don’t even touch the PCM that has come out of flood. Other than water, thermal stress and vibration are the factors that are repairable or replaceable. Thermal stress and vibration gives birth to micro cracks with in circuit board and good news is that these micro cracks are repairable as this is more linked with circuit design than operational factors in vehicle.

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Part of electrical system responsible for starting the vehicle is called the starting system. The system starts the vehicle in two steps. Firstly, you need to insert and then turn the key of vehicle in ignition switch to start the vehicle.

Second step is taken when the action of turning key in ignition button closes the circuit by letting electrical current flow from you vehicle’s battery to it starter.

During this process, current is passed through an apparatus known as starter solenoid. The work of solenoid is to surpass the current and activate the starter gears making link with flywheel.

Adjustment or replacement is not required unless it ruptures. To maintain it, take the book out of your vehicle and track the way of electric current in different parts of system. You even can look at the chapter in book mentioning about how to open hood.

Initially vehicle is perplexing but once you go through the book, you will be amazed on how things are simple that looked confusing earlier.

When you start outlining the wiring through the starting system, you would definitely come across the areas and parts which are not discussed yet.

For example solenoid: this is one of those parts which don’t require attention unless they start causing problems in functioning. When you notice problems, directly go to professional so that a professional can replace it or adjust it. Don’t try to do it by yourself. Now we are going to discuss some important points regarding starting system. Read them thoroughly.

Firstly we will talk about battery. Take battery as a huge box that is placed beneath the hood. Battery is filling with acid, distilled water, and a set of plates joint into cells. Electric currents are fabricated from it to start the automobile, turn the lights on, and to power the ignition system.

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The battery is also responsible for steadying the voltage in the electrical system and for providing current whenever needed by electrical. Two huge metal terminals are attached on top or side of the box; positive and negative. It’s very easy to identify which one is positive and which one is negative.

Positive one is bigger and has either a “+”, or “POS”, or “POSIIVE” mentioned on it. Likewise, negative terminal has “-_”, or “NEG “or “NEGATIVE” written on it. Many vehicles also had a red cap on the positive terminal and black on negative terminal.

You also must have noticed this in your vehicles that when battery is dead and you take a look of clamps on the cable to start the battery again, two wires are red and black in color so that you identify them easily and match them to the terminals. The book we mentioned above also has a chapter on how to start a dead battery again.

In many vehicles, negative terminal’s wire is connected to the frame of the car so that vehicle can be grounded. On the other hand, positive terminal is used for starters, ignition, etc. now days, modern batteries are not need to be maintained a lot.

But do remember battery doesn’t require much attention but deposits are formed in terminals which can serve as hurdle in current flow. The book also has a chapter on how battery is checked and deposits are removed.

Current makes it way to the starter after it is sent by battery to the solenoid. The apparatus that forces engine turnover is called the starter. Starter is an electrical motor that has a gear and is known as starter drive at one end.

This drive connects a ring gear on a fly wheel which is secured on the back of engine crankshaft. Starter drive is slide down in shaft and connects ring gear after key is turned in ignition. Flywheel is then pinned starting the crankshaft and piston can go up and down.

The spark is then fired and engine starts working. Started has completed its responsibility when engine starts running. Let go off the key after engine has started. Key stay at “ON” position for the entire time engine is running.

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The starter drives also disconnects itself from the flywheel and engine continues operating on fuel and Air Theater forced in cylinders. Don’t be worried if you hear some noise when engine is running.

The noise is the clutch in starter drive that helps the engine to work faster than the starter. But remember the noise comes only when key is held in “START” position. The one way clutch safeguards starter damage when engine is running. But this is not very preferable to maintain the key in start position for more than ten seconds when engine is running.

If your car fails to start then don’t worry. Just give a chance to starter to calm down for couple of minutes and then try to start again. If starter is not calmed down then starter can be agitated and can be harmed. So don’t keep the key in start position or you will end up with spoiled starter and flywheel ring gear.

The Charging System

Engine in ran at sound thunder if you have hybrid or electric vehicle abbreviated EV. When automobile is functioned only on electric motor, these electric vehicles are noiseless and hybrids too are noiseless. The thunder in conventional area of car is caused because when piston in cylinder starts to move, engine also starts to run on regular diet of fuel and air.

Electric current is discontinued from flowing when key is let go and ignition switch changes its position from start to on. This process does not stop charging system flow and reaming electrical system.

The alternator

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Alternator is the device that provides electric current to the engine. The belt is driven by running engine enabling the alternator. You must be thinking how this process is taken.

First of all, electricity taken from battery is replaced by an alternator. Alternator then substitute the fluid provided from battery.

To force different gadgets, alternator generates alternating current abbreviated as AC. This AC is transformed to Direct current abbreviated as DC. Alternators are sometime also considered as generators. Old vehicle used to have generators. DC was produced from generated and was then passed further.

Now generators are responsible for producing electric current but they are not used in automobiles anymore. Now alternator foes the job of generating electric currents in automobiles but the term generating is now used as charging. If alternator shows problems in function properly then dashboard idiot lights are automatically turned on in many vehicles.

Some automobiles also have voltmeters that measure if the alternator is charging correctly or not. If the engine is running with all frills off, then system voltage should be no less or more than 13.5 to 14.5 volts. If volts are not in the range mentioned, then charging system definitely has some flaws. Alternator is also responsible to start the radio, headlights, etc.

The voltage regulator

The apparatus that monitors the alternator is called voltage regulator. In ancient cars, voltage regulator is small box placed somewhere in the hood. In now a day automobiles, this box is placed within the alternator or ECU. As voltage regulator is responsible for alternator so if it fails, alternator automatically becomes toothless.

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A car comes with different accessories, but still some people equip their car with new accessories in order to give it a new look, according to their style.

Companies selling automotive accessories know the choices of people and they develop and design accessories according to the demand of the people. Below are given some products liked by people these days:

Car Covers

Car covers are a best investment that every one should do on their cars. If you will purchase a car cover, it will provide a long term protection to your car. Dust, debris, dirt, snow, rain, pollution, and bird poop can spoil your car if they are not covered. So if you don’t want your car to be ruined, then car cover is the first investment that you should do.

Covercraft is a company who deals in car covers. They have designed over 600 car covers. They offer one layer basic cover to four layer covers fitted with side mirror pockets.

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Brake Dust Shields:

If you want to save your wheels from brake dust, then brake dust shields are a good solution for your problem. It feels very bad when you buy expensive alloy wheels and they get ruined by the brake dust. No one wants to spend their weekends in cleaning the wheels, so brake dust shield are a cost effective solution to your problem. They easily get fit into the wheels.

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Dash Trim:

Dash trim is also a good investment for your car. It will make your car look cool and it also protects the dash boards from cracking. Dash trims are available in different colors like brown, black, red, beige, tan, taupe. Some dash trim are also available with low pile poly carpeting.

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Splash Guards:

Splash guard is the modified form of mud flaps. Mud flaps were used previously. They were made from rubber material and they were available in small, medium and large size.

Splash guards are better than mud flaps and they are prepared according to the different models of the car. They are made from durable material.

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Brush Guards:

If you pass travel through the roads that are unpaved or surrounded by bushes, then there is a greater chance that your car gets scratch. To protect your car from the possible damage, you should use brush guards. It is better to use brush guard along with center grille guard or push, this will provide maximum protection to your car.

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Fender Flares:

Installing Brush guards will protect only the front of your car. To protect the sides of your car fender flares are a good choice. It helps to protect the sides of your car from mud and dust. Fender flares also boost up the look of your car.

These accessories are designed by the companies according to the needs of the people.More than 500 accessories are available in the market. Purchase those accessories that can give your car a good look and are available at low prices.

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Whether you’re listening to your huge collection of MP3s or various podcasts on your Blackberry, I’m sure you want to extend this entertainment one step further.

It would be nice to listen to all your favorites stuff while you’re driving with you car speakers.

Blackberry is a nice gadget to store your music, you can store huge amount of gigabytes of songs inside it.

Thus, you can throw all those annoying CDs from your car and replace it with your beloved gadget, Blackberry.

Okay today I’ll share with you one of many ways to connect your BB to your car stereo.

Without any intentions to discriminate other methods of connecting the device, in my opinion this is the most practical way to connect.

FM Transmitter

There are various brands and types of FM Transmitter out there. But I prefer ones that are specifically made for Blackberries.

I recommend you an Advanced Car Mount System for Blackberry. Of course I don’t just recommend you stuff for you to buy and me to get the commission.

I always believe in wise shopping philosophy, you buy the item with the best advantage and worth the price.

So decide for yourself whether this FM Transmitter for Blackberry worth buying or not.

This companion gadget features integrated functionality including :

• FM Transmitter
• Charger
• Hands-Free Calling
• Car Stereo MP3 Playback

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This transmitter produces nice quality of sound, it’s even better than other FM transmitters.

Okay let’s be honest, the sound quality is still behind those who connect their phones using line-in plugs.

But the sound quality this gadget offers is much better than other transmitters and enough to keep you in groovy mood all the time.

It’s also quite easy to setup. All you need is to plug it into the 12V outlet and then tune your radio station to the same frequency as the connector dock.

You need a little time to program this stuff, but it’s not that hard at all.

Beside the FM transmitter you will also enjoy the benefit of talking hands free while the Blackberry charges itself.

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“How can I connect my Blackberry to my car’s stereo to play my favorite music?”, I guess you have this question crawling in your mind for quite some time.

And perhaps this question that makes you land on this site. A lot of Blackberry users like you come with the same question.

If you’re like me, I’ve downloaded many MP3s into my Blackberry storage and play them regularly using headphones or its internal speakers.

But when I’m inside my car I feel some sort of uselessness because I have these gorgeous speakers but I can’t make them play music from my Bb.

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Be glad now, because I’ll show you the technology to do this.

There are actually several options for you to enjoy music stored inside your Blackberry from car speakers.

Option Number One : Use Your Cassette Deck

If your car is equipped with cassette player (tape deck), then you can purchase a cassette adapter.

This adapter looks similar to ordinary cassette tape. What makes it different is the wire that’s extended out of the cassette.

To connect the blackberry you simply plug the other end of the wire and slide the cassette into your tape deck.

It’s that simple, now all you need to do is play some groovy music using your Blackberry music player application.

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Option Number Two : Audio Jack Plug

Today most newer cars aren’t equipped with a tape deck. Many car manufacturers realize that most music is available in MP3 files.

And most of these files are kept inside digital media players like MP3 Players, iPods, USB storage devices, and even smartphones.

In order to meet the market demand of playing digital music in car’s stereo, many manufacturers provide us with an audio jack plug.

What you need is to get an audio stereo jack cable and plug one end to your car stereo while the other end is plugged into your Blackberry.

According to your Blackberry model, you may need whether a 3.5mm or 2.5 audio jack wire.

If you want to purchase one, I suggest you to go to Amazon and choose the best cassette adapter for you.

Why Amazon ? Because you can shop wisely there by reading reviews from other consumers before making purchase decision.

Instead of getting suggestions from the sellers, by reading consumer reviews you’ll get honest opinions and balanced views.

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Set a car’s steering wheel to increase comfort and control.

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Expert: Kevin Woods

Bio: Kevin Woods is proprietor and instructor of the “Basic Skills Driving School”. He has successfully taught student after student to be an effective conscientious driving.

Filmmaker: Ross Safronoff

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The Driving Book: Everything New Drivers Need to Know but Don’t Know to Ask

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