AUTOMOTIVE FREAKS

There must be a daily refilling of water in car batteries because there is a specific amount of water loss, whenever there is an electrolysis process under every charging cycle.

This water loss can be reduced by the regular change of the alloying element of calcium which is the main feature to reduce the water loss.

Still there is a thing which can lose water and that is the overcharging of batteries. The new designs of batteries are coming with the features of reduced water loss.

These batteries need not to maintain too much and they may not require the use of caps to add water to the cells.

There is a requirement of extra electrolyte for allowing the losses for the whole life of the battery and this is the feature which comes in the new batteries. The number of refilling of water in the batteries is based on the easiness of detaching the caps in the batteries, the more easy to detach, the more refilling is required.

The process which occurs when there is a water loss is, when there is an overcharging or the battery is charged at a high voltage, the electrolyte breaks into its components, which are hydrogen and oxygen gases. These gases then get discharged from the cells and hence water level gets reduced.

If this water level is too much low due to overcharging or high voltage charging, the plates lose cover of water over them and get exposed to air, hence these plates lose their capacity and due to direct contact from the air, they get damaged as well. There is another component in the batteries which is the sulfuric acid.

There is no replacement needed for this acid because it doesn’t get used up even during overcharging. The water used in batteries must not be filled with impurities or any additives because it causes the battery to slow down its performance and reduce its life. The manufacturers always recommend the batteries with distilled or free of minerals water. The tap water cannot be used even as it also contains a high amount of minerals.

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Charge and discharge

In regular automotive service, the battery’s charging gets used up to power up the electrical system of the vehicle. This charge also gets restored to the battery, when there is engine cranking.

There are a variety of methods which can be used as suit, to install a new battery or recharge some battery which in case, is completely discharged. The most suitable of all of these methods is trickle charging. The other methods which are used charge the battery very slowly or very quickly. Quick charging of the battery leads to its damage.

For measuring the relative currents which is used to charge the battery and for the car loads to power them, a voltage regulator is not used as it does not measure it. The fixed voltage which is given essentially or compulsorily by the charge system is 13.8 to 14.4 V (volt).

This temperature is adjusted to an ambient one if the current limit is not set in the alternator. The high charge range of 20 to 40 A (Ampere) is being drawn by a discharged battery. The charge current of the battery gets down to as low as 2 – 5 A with the charging of the battery.

The charging gets used rapidly due to high load when the systems like ignition, radiator fan, heater blowers, lights and entertainment are being run in the vehicle. In such situation, if there is no enough current provided by the alternator/generator to power up the load, the voltage of the battery gets low because the engine is being run at a low rpm.

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There are some batteries coming with an indicator for the level of battery charged. This is done through a built-in hydrometer. A hydrometer is having a transparent tube with a transparent window. The liquid is with a float immersed can be seen through that window. The gravity of the electrolyte gets increased as the battery gets charged.

This is because the sulfate ions are not combined with the plates in the electrolyte so this lets the colored top of float to be seen from the window. The color indicator helps to identify the electrolyte and battery level as when the float get sunk into water the window gets yellow or black which shows the levels.

There is a drawback of a built-in hydrometer as it only checks one cell and tells its state of charge ignoring all the faults in other cells. This drawback is minimized by a non-sealed battery in which each and every cell’s state of charged can be determined by a hand-held or portable hydrometer.

In case, there is an emergency and the battery is fully discharged, it can be jump started with the help of another vehicle’s battery or with connecting to a portable battery booster.

Another way to charge the battery is by the help of a battery charger. This will help your car charge system which is not enough to charge the battery, to charge it with external help.

There are some specific chargers which are used to properly charge the battery otherwise if a simple charger is used it will force you to slow down the charge current because of the extraordinary gasses get produced in the battery. There come the chargers with a three step charge profile named as an IUoU.

These are safe and store the charge fully in a short span of time. For the lead acid batteries, the chargers named as desulfating chargers are used for any type.

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